Delayed fracture union in a case of vitamin D dependent rickets associated with pulmonary tuberculosis - a case report

Rickets is a defect of bone mineralization caused by vitamin D deficiency, seen most significantly at growth plates that result in radiological bony abnormalities like metaphyseal flaring and cupping, physeal widening with focal and generalised osteomalacia. Here we present a rare case of 7 years old male, a case of vitamin D3 deficiency rickets in a known case of multi drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.  The patient had suffered left proximal fibular fracture following trivial fall 1.5 month back and had delayed bony union leading to difficulty in walking and pain. The patient was treated with oral vitamin D supplementation. In vitamin D deficiency rickets, there is decreased bone mineralization leading to weak bones and delayed fracture healing in children. Low serum vitamin D levels also caused decreased immunity with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections like pulmonary tuberculosis. Appropriate treatment with injectable or oral vitamin D3 with adequate exposure of sunlight and proper nutrition is the best modality of treatment.

Fracture union in extra articular distal tibia fracture after definitive delta frame external fixation in COVID 19 pandemic: a case report

Distal tibia fractures account for 10% of lower limb fractures. Mode of trauma also determines the fate of soft tissue recovery. In low energy fractures soft tissue show better healing whereas fractures due to high energy trauma show high chances of soft tissue complications like poor soft tissue coverage, wound infection and necrosis. We presented a 50 years old male case of extra articular left distal tibia fibula open fracture managed by delta frame external fixator with fibular K wiring used as a definitive management with good fracture healing and range of motion 5 months postoperative. Ankle spanning external fixation is a good modality of surgical management of extra articular compound distal tibia fractures as both temporary and definitive surgical fixation

Radius-ulna shaft fracture with distal radioulnar joint instability in a case of ipsilateral malunited colles fracture: a case report

Malunion of the distal end of radius is a known consequence of the conservative management. The functional impairment depends on the severity of the deformity and it can be associated with distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. Subsequent radius ulna fracture in an elderly osteoporotic patient is a challenging task to manage. A 60 year old female patient came with radius ulna shaft fracture with DRUJ instability with ipsilateral malunited distal radius fracture. We managed with open reduction and internal fixation using 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) with ulnar shortening and K wires for DRUJ. At one year, follow-up, patient is having good clinical and radiological outcome without any complications. Radius ulna shaft fracture in cases of malunited colles fracture with positive ulnar variance with DRUJ instability can be managed well with open reduction and internal fixation of radius-ulna shaft which provides stable fixation, ulnar shortening at the fracture site to maintain the neutral/negative ulnar variance and DRUJ fixation using K wires. Use of multiple vicryl sutures to tie the plate to the bone gives additional stability in osteoporotic bones till the fracture unites and prevents implant failure. Combination of the above mentioned procedures helps in getting good functional outcome in elderly osteoporotic patients

Injury analysis using Anthropomorphic Test Device under vertical shock loads

Natural and manmade injuries due to terrorism, military weapon and accidents lead to cutting edge research for engineers and clinicians alike. The study of injury and its mechanism can help in predicting the severity of an injury which in turn shall guide the engineers to design safer structures and medical specialists in treating casualties. This article summarizes the various advancements and technologies available in the field of Injury Analysis. The objective of the study is to quantify the levels of an injury which occurs when an Anthropomorphic Test Device is subjected to a given vertical impact load. As a baseline a half sine shock test simulating the vertical impact was carried out on Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy and injury analysis was done based on the standards prescribed by NATO TR-HFM-090. In the present test the injury analysis predicts that the injury during the loading is well within 10% probability of an AIS 2 or greater (AIS 2+)

Extra-articular distal tibia fibula fracture managed with single posterolateral approach: a case report

Extra-articular distal tibia fractures involve distal tibia approximately 4 cm within tibia plafond with no articular extension. The proper preoperative care, planning and selection of surgical approach is very essential to prevent postoperative wound-related complications. We present a case of a 29 year female patient, presented with left ankle pain and swelling with a wound over the medial aspect of the ankle. X-ray of the left ankle showed extra-articular distal tibia fibula fracture with no neurovascular deficit. We managed both the fractures with open reduction and internal fixation using a single posterolateral approach. At present 1 year follow-up, the patient is having a good range of ankle motion with radiological union with no implant failure and wound-related complications. Extra-articular distal tibia fibula fracture fixation using single posterolateral approach is a viable alternative approach to medial or anterolateral approach in cases of medial or anterior soft tissue problems. It helps in getting a better functional outcome, early mobilisation with less wound-related complications

HPRA: Hyperedge Prediction using Resource Allocation

Many real-world systems involve higher-order interactions and thus demand complex models such as hypergraphs. For instance, a research article could have multiple collaborating authors, and therefore the co-authorship network is best represented as a hypergraph. In this work, we focus on the problem of hyperedge prediction. This problem has immense applications in multiple domains, such as predicting new collaborations in social networks, discovering new chemical reactions in metabolic networks, etc. Despite having significant importance, the problem of hyperedge prediction hasn't received adequate attention, mainly because of its inherent complexity. In a graph with $n$ nodes the number of potential edges is $\mathcal{O}(n^{2})$, whereas in a hypergraph, the number of potential hyperedges is $\mathcal{O}(2^{n})$. To avoid searching through such a huge space, current methods restrain the original problem in the following two ways. One class of algorithms assume the hypergraphs to be $k$-uniform. However, many real-world systems are not confined only to have interactions involving $k$ components. Thus, these algorithms are not suitable for many real-world applications. The second class of algorithms requires a candidate set of hyperedges from which the potential hyperedges are chosen. In the absence of domain knowledge, the candidate set can have $\mathcal{O}(2^{n})$ possible hyperedges, which makes this problem intractable. We propose HPRA - Hyperedge Prediction using Resource Allocation, the first of its kind algorithm, which overcomes these issues and predicts hyperedges of any cardinality without using any candidate hyperedge set. HPRA is a similarity-based method working on the principles of the resource allocation process. In addition to recovering missing hyperedges, we demonstrate that HPRA can predict future hyperedges in a wide range of hypergraphs.Comment: Accepted at WebSci'2

Pharmacokinetics and biosafety evaluation of a veterinary drug florfenicol in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) as a model cultivable fish species in temperate water

In two experimental trials; florfenicol pharmacokinetics following a single dose oral administration at 15 mg kg−1 fish body weight and biosafety through extended medicated feeding were studied in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The pharmacokinetic trial was conducted for 5 days, whereas the biosafety experiment lasted for a 30-day safety margin followed by a 20-day residual period analysis at 3, 5 and 10 times greater than the therapeutic dose 10 mg kg−1 biomass day−1. Cmax µg kg−1 calculated for florfenicol were found to be 5,360 in intestine, 2,890 in gill, 2,250 in kidney, 973 in liver and 273 in plasma, obtained at Tmax of 16 h. Intestine had utmost area under the concentration–time curve (tissue/plasma) of 13.83 h μg kg−1 and a prolonged half life (t1/2ß) of 28.62 h. The highest apparent metabolic rate value in the kidney (0.327) showed a high level of biotransformation of florfenicol to its metabolite florfenicol amine. The apparent distribution rate of florfenicol amine in muscle, in comparison to the parent drug florfenicol, indicated elimination of the medication mostly in the form of florfenicol amine with t1/2 of 16.75 h. The biosafety of florfenicol orally administered to rainbow trout recorded effective feed consumption, physiological responses, drug tolerance and significantly low drug concentrations in muscle of rainbow trout, thus its usage at 10 mg kg−1 fish body weight is recommended. In the study, the rapid absorption, greater bioavailability, enhanced dispersion, slower elimination and biosafety of the drug form a significant basis for the florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine as a useful antibacterial agent in aquaculture

Machine larning-based intelligent wireless communication system for solving real-world security issues

The intelligent wireless system focuses on integrating with the advanced technologies like machine learning and related approaches in order to enhance the performance, productivity, and output. The implementation of machine learning approaches is mainly applied in order to enhance the efficient communication system, enable creation of variable node locations, support collection of data and information, analyze the pattern, and forecast so as to provide better services to the end users. The efficiency of using these technologies tend to lower the cost and support in deploying the resources effectively. The wireless network system tends to enhance the bandwidth, and the application of novel machine learning approaches supports detection of unrelated data and information and enables analysis of latency at each part of the communication channel. The study involves critically analyzing the key determinants of machine learning approaches in supporting enhanced intelligent network communication in the industries. The researchers are aimed at gathering both primary data and secondary data for the study. The respondents are chosen in the industry so that they can provide better inputs and insights related to the area of research. The key determinants considered for the study are machine learning-influenced management of hotspots, identification of critical congestion points, spectrum availability, and management. The analysis is made using SPSS data analysis package based on which it is noted that all the factors make major influences towards the intelligent communication, and hence machine learning supports critically in enhancing the user experience effectively.Campus At

Risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Johne’s disease in Indian dairy herds

Johne’s disease of domestic livestock has high economic significance. Environmental factors and farm level management practices are associated with the incidence and occurrence of disease in farm and farmers herds/ flocks. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the dairy herds (315) maintained in different geographical regions and management practices in the Punjab state to determine ‘herd level’ risk factors associated with Johne’s disease. Of 16 factors studied, univariate analysis showed that 6 factors were significantly associated with sero-positivity. Multivariate analysis showed contamination of feed and water with adult manure (OR=3.97) and history of chronic diarrhoea in the herd (OR=2.04) as the factors significantly associated with positive status of animals in the herd. It is the first report on ‘risk factors’ analysis for Johne’s disease in India